Hlau-Clad vs. Hlau-Enclosed Switchgear: Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem xaiv
Hlau-clad switchgear yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau-clad switchgear, tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm nws. Hauv IEEE terminology, lub rooj sib dhos hlau-clad muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem thaiv thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob. “Hlau-enclosed” piav txog tsev neeg dav dua; cov kev xav tau meej yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hauv lub thawv. Lub txee steel nrog lub qhov rooj tsis yog hlau-clad.
Rau ib qhov project engineer piv cov hlau-clad vs. hlau-enclosed switchgear, cov lus nug tseem ceeb yog: Tus qauv twg siv? Dab tsi cuam tshuam thiab cais lub voj voog? Yuav ua li cas lub tsheb npav loj, cable txuas thiab cov cuab yeej sib cais? Yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas dab tsi? Thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem puas phim cov khoom xaj? Cov lus nug no muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li kev xaiv los ntawm lub txee zoo li lossis tus muag khoom daim ntawv lo.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Hlau-Clad thiab Hlau-Enclosed Switchgear?
Hlau-xws li txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv ib lub thawv hlau. Nws yog cov lus piav qhia dav dav, thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem siv khoom siv. Kev sib dhos nrog kev cuam tshuam cov keyboards, fuses, cov khoom siv ruaj khov lossis cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog hlau-pob. Qee qhov muab faib ua ob peb qhov chaw; lwm tus muaj kev sib txawv sab hauv.
Hlau-clad , raws li IEEE C37.20.2-2025, yog ib qho kev siv nruab nrab-voltage. Cov txheej txheem luam tawm tau piav qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom sib cais uas cais cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li lub tsheb npav loj, kev sib txuas nkag thiab tawm, thiab kev ntsuas los ntawm cov hlau thaiv hauv av. Cov kev cai ua kom tiav yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws dua li cov lus piav qhia luv luv no; qhov kev thov kom raug yuav tsum xa mus rau ib qho kev sib dhos tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv tsim.
Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb vim tias qhov dav "hlau-hloov hloov pauv" daim ntawv lo ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem qhia tus neeg yuav khoom seb lub tshuab puas tuaj yeem tshem tau, txawm tias cov khoom sib cais muaj cov hlau sib cais lossis cov haujlwm saib xyuas. Nws kuj tsis ua pov thawj ua raws li kev faib tawm sab hauv-arc.
| Kev sib piv | IEEE hlau-clad kev tsim kho | Cov cuab yeej siv hlau txuas tau dav dua |
|---|---|---|
| Terminology | Kev sib dhos tshwj xeeb raws li IEEE C37.20.2. | Tsev neeg dav hlau-pob txha; txiav txim siab cov cuab yeej siv tiag tiag thiab kev tswj hwm tus qauv. |
| Main switching ntaus ntawv | Drawout hluav taws xob ua haujlwm Circuit Court breaker raws li tau piav qhia hauv IEEE hlau-clad Scope. | Muaj peev xwm suav nrog interrupter keyboards, fuses, circuit breakers lossis lwm yam khoom siv tsim nyog rau tus qauv. |
| Primary circuit sib cais | Txhais grounded-hlau compartmentalization ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. | Compartment design txawv; qee lub rooj sib tham hlau-pob zeb kuj muaj kev sib cais dav. |
| Txoj kev pabcuam | Drawout-device txoj haujlwm thiab kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb tsim qauv. | Nyob ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov lossis tshem tau, kev sib cais thiab kev tsim qauv. |
| Daim ntawv pov thawj dab tsi | Tsuas yog ntau npaum li cov ntaub ntawv sib dhos thiab nws cov txheej txheem tau thov tiag tiag txhawb nqa. | Enclosure ib leeg tsim tsis muaj hom breaker lossis kuaj arc kev ua tau zoo. |
Compartments, Barriers thiab Circuit Breaker Arrangements
Yog vim li cas kev sib cais yog ntau tshaj li ib tug txee layout nthuav dav
Lub busbar, Circuit Court breaker thiab cable terminations muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab kev soj ntsuam xav tau. Grounded hlau barriers ntawm lub ntsiab-circuit compartments yuav txhais tau tias kev nkag mus rau ciam teb thiab txo cov kev huam yuaj tshwm sim rau unrelated nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus Cheebtsam thaum lub sij hawm tso cai cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev thaiv tsis yog qhov hloov pauv rau kev sib cais, kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob lossis qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob txoj cai kev nyab xeeb.
Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum thov kom muaj qhov kos duab kos duab tiag tiag, tsis yog cia siab rau daim duab ntawm lub qhov rooj. Nug seb lub tsheb npav tseem ceeb khiav mus rau qhov twg, qhov twg cov cables xaus, qhov twg cov cuab yeej hloov pauv tau nyob thiab qhov chaw tswj tau sib cais li cas. Qhia meej tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum qhib qhov rooj nkag thiab cov khoom siv twg yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua ntej.
Drawout breakers piv rau taag switching li
Lub drawout breaker siv lub tshuab tsim los txav ntawm txoj haujlwm tso cai los ntawm nws tus qauv tsim. Kev sib cais thawj zaug kom zoo, kev sib txuas theem nrab thiab kev sib cuam tshuam yog nyob ntawm qhov kev sib dhos tiag tiag. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ruaj khov lossis qhov txuas txuas txuas ruaj khov yuav xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab kev sib txuas sib txawv. Tsis yog kev teeb tsa yuav tsum raug hu ua kev nyab xeeb dua hauv txhua daim ntawv thov tsuas yog vim nws raug kho lossis tshem tawm.
Piv txwv li, chav tsev rub tawm tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev pabcuam, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshem tawm lub breaker tsis yog los ntawm nws tus kheej ua rau lub tsheb npav thiab cable compartments muaj kev nyab xeeb mus txog. Cov kev sib cuam tshuam uas yuav tsum tau muaj, kev npaj cais thiab kev nkag mus yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ua ke.
JSGK teev KYN, XGN thiab lwm tsev neeg hauv txee hauv nws high-voltage switchgear ntau yam . Cov no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev neeg muaj txiaj ntsig thaum tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim, tab sis KYN lossis XGN lub npe ib leeg tsis tsim kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb JSGK teeb tsa raws li tag nrho IEEE hlau-clad specification.
IEEE thiab IEC Siv Txoj Kev Sib Txawv los piav txog Switchgear
Kev yuav khoom hla ciam teb feem ntau ua tsis tiav thaum lub npe khoom raug kho raws li kev txhais lus ncaj qha ntawm tus qauv txheej txheem. Ib txoj haujlwm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tuaj yeem hais qhia IEEE hlau-clad switchgear, thaum IEC-raws li qhov project yuav thov cov hlau txuas nrog lub npe hu ua kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv thiab kev faib tawm sab hauv-arc. Cov ntsiab lus sib tshooj hauv cov lus zoo tib yam, tab sis lawv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas nyias.
IEEE C37.20.2 thiab IEEE C37.20.3
IEEE C37.20.2-2025 npog hlau-clad nruab nrab-voltage switchgear nrog drawout hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob Circuit Court breakers thiab cov ntsiab lus sib txuas lus compartmentalization. IEEE C37.20.3-2023 npog hlau-cuam tshuam interrupter switchgear ntsuas saum toj no 1 kV AC mus txog thiab suav nrog 48.3 kV AC, encompassing interrupter keyboards, fuses, tej yam circuit-breaker configurations thiab lwm yam khoom raws li teev los ntawm tus qauv. Ob tus qauv tsis yog daim ntawv pov thawj khoom sib pauv.
IEC 62271-200: 2021 thiab Kev Hloov Kho 1: 2024
IEC 62271-200 nyob rau hauv prefabricated AC hlau-kab switchgear thiab controlgear rau rated voltages saum toj no 1 kV thiab mus txog rau thiab suav nrog 52 kV, rau sab hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov installation. Nws muaj peev xwm encompass txawv compartment tsim thiab rwb thaiv tsev npaj. Ib qho kev qhia ntawm IEC kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog poob ntawm kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv (LSC) thiab Internal Arc Classification (IAC) cov cai thaum muaj feem xyuam.
LSC txhawj xeeb txog cov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj xyuas kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv thaum nkag mus rau cov chav uas tau hais tseg; Nws tsis yog ib daim pam cog lus tias txhua txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog. IAC hais txog kev tshaj tawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv-arc nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tsis yog tsuas yog muaj lub suab nrov nrov nrov lossis phab ntsa hlau. Tsis muaj kev faib tawm yog kev txhais ib-rau-ib ntawm IEEE lo lus "hlau-clad."
| Kev siv | Dab tsi yog qhov luam tawm qhov chaw nyob | Cov lus nug tus neeg yuav khoom |
|---|---|---|
| IEEE C37.20.2-2025 | Hlau-clad nruab nrab-voltage switchgear nrog drawout Circuit Court breakers. | Puas yog qhov tshwj xeeb muab los ua ke ua tau raws li qhov kev tsim kho no thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov project? |
| IEEE C37.20.3-2023 | Hlau-enclosed interrupter switchgear thiab nws cov cuab yeej suav nrog. | Qhov twg interrupter, fuse lossis breaker kev npaj yog tiag tiag? |
| IEC 62271-200: 2021 + AMD1: 2024 | AC hlau-cuam tshuam switchgear saum 1 kV txog 52 kV. | Qhov kev faib IEC, kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev xeem twg yog teev rau lub rooj sib txoos no? |
Cov qauv luam tawm thiab txhua qhov kev saws me nyuam hauv zos teeb meem. Tus kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob lees txais qhov kev thov sib npaug sib npaug yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv sau tseg los ntawm kab lus lossis kev ntsuas raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg tsim nyog.
Puas yog Hlau-Clad Ib txwm txhais tau tias zoo dua arc tiv thaiv?
Tsis yog. Grounded compartment sib cais yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv rau txhua qhov kev tshwm sim sab hauv-arc lossis qhov ua txhaum ntau dua. Peb feem ntau tsis meej pem yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nyias.
- Short-circuit interrupting ntsuam xyuas: seb qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau teev tseg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam tam sim no raws li nws cov xwm txheej ntsuas.
- Short-time withstand kev ua tau zoo: seb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus twg tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov teeb meem tam sim no rau lub sijhawm teev tseg.
- Internal-arc kev ua tau zoo: seb lub rooj sib txoos puas tau raug soj ntsuam raws li kev faib tawm, kev xeem thiab kev npaj nkag mus tau.
Lub txee tej zaum yuav muaj cov hlau tsis muaj zog tab sis tsis muaj ib qho kev tshaj tawm hauv-arc test. Hloov pauv, lub rooj sib txoos uas nws lub ntsiab lus tsis yog IEEE hlau-clad drawout breaker tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xav tau. Sib piv cov pov thawj es tsis txhob xav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov npe ib leeg.
Rau ib qho kev thov sab hauv-arc kev ua tau zoo, tshuaj xyuas cov kev faib tawm uas tau tshaj tawm, sab nkag mus tau, ntsuas kev teeb tsa thiab siv tau rau kev teeb tsa. Qhov tseeb cable kev twb kev txuas, venting txoj kev thiab chav tsev layout yuav muaj teeb meem li cas cov ntsia switchgear siv. Cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev Siv Kho Kom Zoo tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom
Kev npaj pabcuam tsis yog ib qho kev nyiam rau pem hauv ntej nkag lossis rov qab nkag qhov rooj. Nws pib nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov twg yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lossis hloov, seb lub cuab yeej puas tuaj yeem tshem tau thiab qhov twg nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum raug cais tawm kom nkag mus.
Ib qho chaw uas muaj kev soj ntsuam xyuas cov kev xav tau ntau zaus tuaj yeem muaj nuj nqis rau cov ntaub ntawv rub tawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej hloov tau. Ib qho kev faib tawm me me uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo dua los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau uas ua tau raws li nws cov kev xav tau tiag tiag. Kev txiav txim siab tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias tsis muaj cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob thiab cov lus pom zoo saib xyuas.
Nug rau kev npaj lub txee, qhov yuav tsum tau nkag mus-sab, tshem tawm kev tshem tawm, kev nkag mus rau cable-compartment thiab cov kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Cov qhov ntev no cuam tshuam rau cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob-chav thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej kev tsim pej xeem tiav. Lub txee nkag rau pem hauv ntej tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tsis pub dawb, thiab cov khoom siv nkag tau tsis tau txiav tawm.
Qhov twg lub nplhaib sib txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb, JSGK tseem sau cov nplhaib tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv roj-insulated. Lawv lub luag haujlwm hloov pauv thiab cov qauv teeb tsa yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas cais tsis yog nthuav tawm ua lwm lub npe rau hlau-clad switchgear.
Qhov kev tsim kho twg yuav tsum tau qhia txog qhov project?
Siv qhov project lub luag haujlwm hluav taws xob thiab tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov pib. Yog tias daim ntawv cog lus qhia meej yuav tsum tau ua raws li IEEE C37.20.2 hlau-clad switchgear, lub rooj sib txoos muaj yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias nws qhia txog IEC 62271-200 cov cuab yeej siv nrog LSC lossis IAC cov cai tshwj xeeb, ntsuas cov npe uas muaj npe es tsis yog xa cov lus IEEE los hloov.
Rau kev txiav txim siab, txheeb xyuas cov hauv qab no hauv kev txiav txim:
- Standard thiab kev txiav txim: daim ntawv cog lus, ib qho kev saws me nyuam hauv zos thiab cov khoom siv uas xav tau.
- Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hloov pauv: breaker lossis hloov-fuse kev npaj; kev tiv thaiv, kev sib cais thiab kev ua haujlwm ua ntu zus.
- Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob: rated voltage, nruam tam sim no, luv-circuit thiab dielectric yuav tsum tsim nyog rau lub system.
- Compartment thiab Access Requirements: Kev cais tawm cov teeb meem, kev teeb tsa ruaj khov / kos tawm, kev saib xyuas txoj haujlwm thiab kev tso cai nkag.
- Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev sim: Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam txog kev hloov khoom siv, kev sib dhos hom kev xeem, thiab teev LSC / IAC lossis lwm yam kev faib tawm.
- Site interface: Sab hauv / sab nraum zoov tej yam kev mob, cable mus kom ze, clearances, qhov cua thiab commissioning Scope.
Ib qho kev sib tw yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov qhib. Piv txwv li, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem muab IEC hlau-pob txee uas tau thov IEEE hlau-clad specification. Qhov no yog lwm txoj hauv kev xav tau kev pom zoo, tsis yog qhov sib npaug tsis siv neeg nkaus xwb vim tias ob qho tib si muaj hlau thaiv.
Tshawb xyuas Lub Rooj Sib Tham Ua Ntej Pom Zoo
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub ntawv sib xws uas xa mus rau tib lub rooj sib txoos. Cov ntaub ntawv npe, daim duab kab ib kab, kev teeb tsa hauv txee thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov kev ntsuas sib xws thiab cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa. Ib daim ntawv qhia rau tsev neeg cov khoom muaj feem xyuam tsis txaus los ua pov thawj kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv.
| Pov thawj | Yuav kuaj li cas | Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Khoom specification | Kev tswj hwm tus qauv, ib tsab, yam khoom siv, ntsuas voltage / tam sim no thiab lub luag haujlwm txhaum. | Txhais cov ntawv cog lus thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua. |
| General kev npaj / seem kos duab | Bus, breaker, cable, instrument, barriers, nkag qhov rooj thiab clearances. | Qhia qhov kev tsim kho tiag tiag es tsis yog qeb kev lag luam. |
| Daim duab kab ib kab | Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkag / tawm, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, earthing thiab interlocks. | Paub meej txog cov dej num hluav taws xob thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm. |
| Test pov thawj | Cov qauv kuaj, tus qauv, kev ntsuam xyuas, kev teeb tsa, hnub tim thiab teev cov kev txwv. | Txhais qhov tsab ntawv ceeb toom qhia tau tiag tiag. |
| Cov ntaub ntawv installation thiab tu | Kev nkag mus, tshem tawm, cais tawm, ib puag ncig thiab chav yuav tsum tau ua. | Txhawb nqa kev siv nyab xeeb thiab kev npaj kev pabcuam yav tom ntej. |
JSGK's switchgear nplooj ntawv txheeb xyuas cov tsev neeg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab siv rau kev txais, kev faib tawm, kev tiv thaiv thiab ntsuas ntsuas, nrog cov kev teeb tsa zaum kawg tshuaj xyuas tawm tsam qhov project kos duab thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Rau ib qhov project tshwj xeeb, xa JSGK tus qauv tsim nyog, daim duab kab ib kab, kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev nkag mus tau thiab thov cov ntaub ntawv rau lub txee muaj tseeb. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv tsis yog "hlau-clad tiv thaiv hlau-pob" raws li cov lus hais; nws yog seb qhov kev sib dhos uas tau lees paub yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, lub luag haujlwm hluav taws xob thiab kev saib xyuas kom zoo.