Compact Substation Type Tests: Yuav Ua Li Cas IEC 62271-202 Cov Lus Qhia Yuav Tsum Qhia
Ib qho kev sim me me substation hom kev sim yog pov thawj tias ib qho kev txiav txim siab prefabricated substation tsim tau raug soj ntsuam raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Raws li IEC 62271-202: 2022, cov lus nug hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev yuav khoom tsis yog seb tus neeg muag khoom puas tuaj yeem qhia cov ntaub ntawv coj tus lej tus qauv. Nws yog seb qhov kev sib sau ua ke, kev ntsuam xyuas, kev kaw lus, kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov xwm txheej kuaj puas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub substation tau npaj rau qhov project.
Daim ntawv pov thawj lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev xeem rau lub tshuab hloov pauv, lub txee siab-voltage lossis lub rooj tsavxwm tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis. Nws tsis cia li ua kom pom tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom ntawd tom qab lawv muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv. Cov kws tsim qauv tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov substation hom-test yuav tsum sib piv cov kev sim ua tiav nrog cov duab kos, txiav txim siab seb txhua qhov kev sim tsim thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb ntxiv.
Dab tsi yog Compact Substation Type Test?
Hom kev ntsuam xyuas txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv tsim lossis cov neeg sawv cev sib sau ua ke raws li tau hais tseg. Nws txawv ntawm kev kuaj xyuas seb txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj puas tau sib sau ua ke thiab ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau. Ib hom kev ntsuam xyuas teb seb qhov kev sim ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua haujlwm; nws tsis tau lees tias yav tom ntej kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm raws li txhua yam kev ua haujlwm.
Rau prefabricated substations, cov khoom kuaj yuav muaj xws li ib tug enclosure uas muaj high-voltage switchgear, transformer khoom, low-voltage Cheebtsam thiab lawv cov kev sib txuas. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tseem ceeb vim tias cov rwb thaiv tsev tshem tawm, txoj hauv kev nqa tam sim no, qhov cua thiab qhov chaw nkag tau tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov qauv kuaj lossis tsim qauv, kev tswj hwm tus qauv, cov kev ntsuas cuam tshuam thiab cov kev xeem tshwj xeeb tau ua. Ib qho kev thov yuav siv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg los yog lwm yam khoom siv raws li cov khoom lag luam-tsev neeg lub npe. Lub npe ntawd ib leeg tsis qhia tias txhua qhov kev npaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau.
Yam twg substations poob hauv IEC 62271-202?
IEC 62271-202: 2022 npog nrog cov high-voltage AC prefabricated substations uas yog cable-txuas mus rau tes hauj lwm ua hauj lwm ntawm voltages mus txog rau thiab nrog rau 52 kV thiab frequencies mus txog rau thiab nrog rau 60 Hz, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem teev tej yam kev mob. Nws piav qhia txog cov kev pabcuam, cov yam ntxwv ntsuas, cov qauv kev xav tau dav dav thiab cov qauv kev sim rau cov chaw ua haujlwm prefabricated, suav nrog kev taug kev hauv thiab tsis taug kev hauv kev npaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog daim ntawv xeem thoob ntiaj teb rau txhua chav thauj khoom hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ib leeg lossis cov thawv ntim hluav taws xob tsawg. Pib nrog cov khoom siv tiag tiag thiab qhov project tau txais tus qauv ua ntej piav qhia txog chav tsev cog lus raws li IEC 62271-202 prefabricated substation.
JSGK lis box-type substation khoom muaj xws li transformer, high-voltage txee, low-voltage txee, enclosure thiab auxiliary systems. Nws cais cov npe prefabricated hluav taws xob cabins rau kev npaj chav hluav taws xob. Cov no yog cov khoom lag luam sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw, thiab txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tseem xav tau nws cov qauv kev ntsuas. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis tsim cov kev sim ua tiav.
| Cov cuab yeej muaj | Thawj lo lus nug | Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj xav tau |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated box-hom MV / LV substation | Puas yog nws qhov kev tsim kho tiag tiag poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem prefabricated-substation xaiv? | Pom zoo kos duab kos duab, kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov qauv siv tau. |
| Hluav taws xob hauv tsev uas muaj cov khoom siv cais | Cov cuab yeej siv twg thiab cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus twg tswj hwm txoj haujlwm tiav? | Cabin arrangement, cov qauv qauv, qhov project specification thiab system ciam teb. |
| Transformer tus kheej, HV lossis LV sib dhos | Yam qauv thiab cov kev xeem twg siv tau? | Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv pov thawj raws li qhov tsim nyog. |
Dab tsi ua tau zoo raug tshuaj xyuas thaum kuaj hom?
Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev xeem muaj txiaj ntsig yog qhov tshwj xeeb txog tus yam ntxwv ntsuas. Cov kev xeem uas yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb thiab lawv cov kev siv tau los ntawm cov qauv siv thiab cov khoom tsim; tsis yog txhua qhov kev xaiv xaiv los yog kuaj mob yuav tsum raug kho raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm me me.
Rwb thaiv tsev thiab dielectric tus cwj pwm
Dielectric kev txiav txim siab txhawj xeeb seb qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas puas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov teeb meem hluav taws xob uas tau teev tseg hauv cov xwm txheej siv tau. High-voltage txee certification los ntawm nws tus kheej tsis tas hais txog lub installation geometry thiab kev sib txuas nyob rau hauv ib tug substation enclosure. IEC 62271-202: 2022 kuj tseem txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qee qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob siab. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov teeb tsa kev sib txuas thiab nws cov ntawv xa mus rau qhov kev txiav txim.
Nruam tam sim no thiab kub nce
Qhov kub nce yog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov system. Transformer poob, lub ntsiab-circuit tam sim no, tshav kub ua los ntawm lwm yam khoom siv, airflow, qhov cua qhib thiab enclosure geometry tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Lub transformer kuaj ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib txawv tsis yog pov thawj tias nws installation nyob rau hauv ib tug compact enclosure tau soj ntsuam rau tib lub thermal mob.
Xyoo 2022 ib tsab hloov kho lossis qhia meej cov qauv kev sim tam sim no thiab qhia txog peb txoj hauv kev rau prefabricated-substation ntsuas lub zog. Nws tseem suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev soj ntsuam cov teebmeem ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev teeb tsa. Cov ntsiab lus no ua rau kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb thermal pov thawj tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis txhob muab lub hauv paus rau kev twv JSGK cov khoom ua haujlwm kub.
Lub sijhawm luv luv, kev tsim kho thiab sab hauv arcs
Yog tias tsim nyog, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov pov thawj hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev sib txuas raws li qhov teeb meem tam sim no. Kev tsim kho tshuab, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev nkag tau yooj yim thiab kev npaj cov cuab yeej siv kuj xav tau kev saib xyuas nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem cuam tshuam.
Ib internal-arc test , yog tias xav tau rau kev teeb tsa, tsis muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov lus hais tias lub thawv yog hlau lossis muaj cov vents. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tau hais txog qhov kev xeem thiab kev txwv. Xyuas seb cov khoom siv twg yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim substation, cov tog twg raug kho raws li kev siv tau thiab cov xwm txheej twg thiab qhov kev xaiv ua haujlwm tau them. Tsis txhob hloov ib qho kev faib tawm sab hauv-arc los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiav yam tsis muaj pov thawj.
| Thaj chaw pov thawj | Yam tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nkag siab | Kev txwv tsis pub kuaj xyuas |
|---|---|---|
| Dielectric / rwb thaiv tsev | Specified rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem. | Kev sib txuas geometry, insulating nruab nrab thiab installation ib puag ncig. |
| Nruam tam sim no / kub nce | Thermal cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub teev loading thiab kuaj tej yam kev mob. | Transformer poob, qhov cua tsim tsim, enclosure thiab ambient assumpions. |
| Lub sij hawm luv luv tiv taus | Tshaj tawm tam sim no tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob lossis kev sib txuas. | Txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas lub hauv paus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv. |
| Internal arc, qhov twg siv tau | Kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim sab hauv-arc kev kuaj. | Kev nkag mus tau yooj yim, kuaj qhov chaw, ntsuas thiab teeb tsa tiag tiag. |
| Enclosure / kev tsim kho | Xaiv cov neeg kho tshuab thiab kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm kev sim sib dhos. | Qhov rooj, nkag, qhib, khoom siv mounting thiab qhov project ib puag ncig. |
Vim li cas Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Cheeb Tsam Tsis Siv Neeg Ua Pov Thawj Tag Nrho Substation
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog cov pov thawj tsim nyog rau ntau qhov haujlwm, tab sis lawv teb cov lus nug nqaim. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muaj daim ntawv qhia txog hom kev xeem raws li nws cov qauv tsim nyog; switchgear tej zaum yuav muaj nws tus kheej hom-test cov ntaub ntawv; ib qho kev sib dhos uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muaj kev txheeb xyuas cais. Kev sib xyaw ua ke qhia txog kev sib txuas uas tsis tas yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov kev sim ntawm tus kheej.
Cov kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, hloov hluav taws xob mus rau cov cuab yeej nyob sib ze, lub qhov cua nkag thiab txoj hauv kev uas lub siab los yog cov roj kub kub yuav raug tswj xyuas hauv qhov xwm txheej sab hauv-kev txhaum. Qhov kev ua tau zoo-theem tsis tuaj yeem ib txwm suav nrog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke cov npe ntawm cov npe.
Siv daim ntawv qhia ob-theem pov thawj: ua ntej txheeb xyuas tias txhua qhov kev teeb tsa ua tau raws li nws cov kev xav tau, tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chaw sib koom ua ke yuav tsum muaj cov pov thawj sib dhos. Yog tias tus neeg muag khoom hais tias tsev neeg daim ntawv tshaj tawm suav nrog ntau qhov kev ntaus nqi lossis kev teeb tsa, nug rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg rau cov kev pabcuam ntawd. Tsis yog cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam lossis cov xim sib xyaw ua ke ua ib qho kev ntsuas kev sib npaug.
JSGK cov pej xeem lub thawv-hom substation piav qhia txheeb xyuas cov pab pawg thawj coj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv. Cov nplooj ntawv pej xeem tsis muab tag nrho cov ntawv xeem-daim ntawv qhia siv thiab cov qauv teeb tsa rau txhua qhov kev sib koom ua ke, yog li cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg rau cov lus hais tshwj xeeb.
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Hom-Test Yuav Tsum Qhia Li Cas?
Ua ntej tso siab rau ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm, nyeem yav dhau los ntawm nplooj ntawv npog. Ib daim ntawv tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb tsis tau siv rau qhov sib txawv tsim lossis qhov ntsuas nqaim dua li qhov xav tau. Tshawb xyuas seb qhov twg tau sim, yuav ua li cas thiab nyob rau hauv qhov twg ntawm tus qauv.
- Tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus: kuaj los yog muab lub cev, daim ntawv qhia txog tus cim, daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab tej lub sij hawm uas txuas los yog ntxiv ntxiv.
- Standard siv: Raws nraim IEC lossis lwm yam qauv siv, thiab ib qho kev sib txawv los yog kev zam.
- Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv: kuaj qauv, kev npaj, kos duab, daim ntawv enclosure thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lossis tus neeg thov kev pom zoo hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
- Ratings thiab configuration: voltage, tam sim no, cov lus tshaj tawm hais txog lub zog thiab cov khoom siv lossis cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntsig txog qhov kev xeem.
- Test method thiab kev soj ntsuam: Qhov kev sim ua tiav, kev teeb tsa, cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig, cov txiaj ntsig tau sau tseg thiab cov qauv kev lees paub siv tau.
- Scope ntawm validity: kev hloov pauv lossis kev txwv uas tau teev tseg hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom, suav nrog seb cov ntaub ntawv rau tsev neeg hloov pauv puas tau muab.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau muab piv rau cov kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj lij, tsis yog ua raws li kev muag khoom txuas. Ib nplooj ntawv cov ntsiab lus ib leeg tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa uas xav tau los txiav txim siab siv tau.
| Qhia teb | Hla-check tiv thaiv kev yuav khoom | Kev nqis tes ua yog tias nws txawv |
|---|---|---|
| Standard tsab | Yuav tsum tau ib tsab nyob rau hauv qhov project specification. | Txiav txim siab seb qhov sib txawv puas xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas kev pom zoo. |
| Kev kaw thiab qhov cua | Qhov tseeb enclosure kos duab, qhib thiab ua kom txias. | Ntsuam xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm thermal, nkag los yog arc-kev ua tau zoo. |
| Transformer thiab cov khoom siv txuas nrog | Hom, ntsuas, poob thiab teeb tsa qhov chaw uas cuam tshuam. | Thov kev lees paub tias cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj xeem tseem siv tau. |
| Rated hluav taws xob tej yam kev mob | Voltage, nruam tam sim no, txhaum lub luag hauj lwm thiab lwm yam nqi teev. | Kho cov pov thawj uas ploj lawm lossis qis dua ua ntej kev pom zoo. |
| Internal-arc nqe lus | Yuav tsum muaj kev faib tawm thiab sab nkag tau, yog tias tau teev tseg. | Nug cov ntsiab lus xeem es tsis yog tso siab rau kev thov kev lag luam. |
Thaum twg Tus Tsim Hloov Hloov Yuav Tsum Muaj Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ntxiv?
Cov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum raug txiav txim los ntawm seb lawv puas cuam tshuam rau tus yam ntxwv uas twb tau txheeb xyuas lawm. Ib lub vaj huam sib luag xim xim sib txawv tsis yog tib yam kev hloov pauv raws li txoj kev sib txawv ntawm qhov cua los yog theem tsis hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv me me tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lawv hloov pauv kev tshem tawm, cuam tshuam lossis kev teeb tsa tau sim rau tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Kev hloov pauv tsim nyog tshuaj xyuas suav nrog kev hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, hloov cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub hauv paus loj, hloov kho qhov ntsuas qhov ntev, txav qhov cua qhib, hloov pauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas lossis cov yam ntxwv poob, hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog lawv tus kheej ib puag ncig.
Tsis txhob siv txoj cai daim pam uas txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav ntawm txhua qhov kev xeem. Cov qauv tsim nyog thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim nyog yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov pov thawj uas twb muaj lawm, ib qho kev xeem ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv lossis kev xeem tshiab yog qhov tsim nyog. Sib npaug, tsis txhob lees txais "sib tshooj" vim tsuas yog vim li cas daim ntawv tshaj tawm qub tseem siv tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb engineering muaj peb kab: kuaj configuration , muaj configuration thiab technical hauv paus rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj . Qhov no hloov tsis meej tsev neeg-kev pom zoo thov rau hauv ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb uas cov pab pawg tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas.
Hom Kev Xeem, Cov Kev Xeem niaj hnub, FAT thiab Qhov Chaw Txais Qhov Sib Txawv
Cov pab pawg feem ntau tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau tias "test" lossis "kev tshuaj xyuas." Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau theem sib txawv thiab tsim cov khoom sib txawv.
| Theem | Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb | Dab tsi nws tsis hloov |
|---|---|---|
| Hom kev xeem | Txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tsim qauv lossis kev sim ua ke. | Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj. |
| Kev sim niaj hnub | Ua raws li cov lus qhia uas tau teev tseg rau ntawm chav tsev tsim khoom raws li kev tswj hwm tus qauv. | Tag nrho cov qauv tsim-theem hom-test pov thawj. |
| Factory lees txais kev xeem (FAT) | Ua tim khawv los yog lees paub qhov kev cog lus Hoobkas kuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau muab. | Hom kev xeem lossis kev xeem niaj hnub tshwj tsis yog qhov kev pom zoo pom zoo suav nrog lawv. |
| Qhov chaw txais / commissioning | Tshawb xyuas kev teeb tsa interfaces, kev sib txuas, kev teeb tsa thiab qhov chaw-npaj tawm tsam qhov pom zoo. | Factory tsim pov thawj thiab qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau. |
FAT tej zaum yuav suav nrog cov kev kuaj xyuas niaj hnub ua pov thawj ntxiv rau lwm cov ntawv cog lus; nws tsis yog ib txwm zoo ib yam rau qhov kev sim niaj hnub. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov chaw commissioning txheeb xyuas qhov teeb tsa thiab kev sib tshuam, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej ua kom pom txhua tus qauv tsim qauv txheeb xyuas los ntawm hom kev sim.
Daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum paub qhov txawv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, ua ntej lub Hoobkas tso tawm thiab ua ntej lub zog. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov chaw nthuav dav thiab hloov pauv yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
Cov ntaub ntawv thov ua ntej pom zoo rau lub chaw ua haujlwm me me
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom me me yuav tsum txuas cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob rau kev tsim kho lub cev thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam. Ua ntej qhov kev pom zoo zaum kawg, thov kom muaj ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas txheeb xyuas cov qauv tsim qauv, ntsuas cov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, qhov cua, cov duab kos thiab cov ntaub ntawv npog qhov kev thov.
Rau JSGK lub thawv-hom substation project, cov khoom lag luam pej xeem tuaj yeem ua qhov pib rau kev xaiv khoom siv. Pab pawg ua haujlwm tseem xav tau cov ntaub ntawv rau nws tus kheej cov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab kev teeb tsa ntau dua li cov lus qhia dav dav uas txhua lub thawv substations tau raws li IEC 62271-202.
Xa cov qauv txheej txheem, daim duab kab ib kab, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej ntaus nqi, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov lus pom zoo thaum thov cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias qhov project hu rau ib hom kev xeem ntawv tshwj xeeb lossis kev tshaj tawm sab hauv-arc, nug seb cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav ua li cas rau qhov kev teeb tsa. Koj ua tau hu rau JSGK nrog rau qhov project kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev sib tham txog kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb.
Cov lus nug txiav txim siab yog seb cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj puas npog cov cuab yeej yuav khoom. Lub ntsiab lus compact substation type-test tshuaj xyuas cov qauv tsim, nws cov xwm txheej thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim - tsis yog tsuas yog muaj tus lej IEC ntawm daim ntawv qhia.