Ibizamini byubwoko bwikigereranyo: Ibyo IEC 62271-202 Raporo igomba kwerekana
Ikizamini cyubwoko busimburanya ni gihamya yerekana ko igishushanyo mbonera cyasobanuwe cyasuzumwe hasabwa ibisabwa. Muri IEC 62271-202: 2022, ikibazo cyo kugura hagati ntabwo ari ukumenya niba utanga isoko ashobora kwerekana inyandiko irimo nimero isanzwe. Nukumenya niba inteko yapimwe, amanota, uruzitiro, gahunda y'ibikoresho hamwe n'ibizamini byerekeranye na podiyumu yatanzwe kumushinga.
Icyemezo cyangwa raporo yikizamini kuri transformateur, kabili yumuriro mwinshi cyangwa ikibaho gito gishobora gushyigikira igice cya dosiye tekinike. Ntabwo ihita yerekana imyitwarire yibyo bice nyuma yo guhurizwa hamwe. Ba injeniyeri basubiramo ibyasimbuwe byubwoko bwibizamini bigomba kugereranya ibipimo byuzuye byageragejwe hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera, kumenya icyo buri kizamini gishyiraho no kumenya impinduka zose zisaba izindi mpamvu.
Niki Ikizamini Cyubwoko Bworoshye?
Ubwoko bwikizamini bugenzura ibimenyetso biranga igishushanyo cyangwa inteko ihagarariye mubihe bisobanuwe. Bitandukanye no kugenzura niba buri gice cyatanzwe cyatanzwe cyateranijwe kandi gikora nkuko bisabwa. Ubwoko bwikizamini gisubiza niba ubwubatsi bwageragejwe bwujuje ibisabwa muburyo bwuburyo; ntabwo yemeza imikorere yigihe kizaza mubikorwa byose.
Kubintu byateguwe mbere, ikintu cyapimwe gishobora kubamo uruzitiro rurimo amashanyarazi menshi, ibikoresho bya transformateur, ibice bito bito hamwe nibihuza. Gukomatanya bifite akamaro kuko gukuraho insulasiyo, inzira-itwara inzira, guhumeka hamwe nubuso bworoshye birashobora guhinduka mugihe ibice byashizwe hamwe.
Ibimenyetso bigomba kwerekana icyitegererezo cyageragejwe, igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe, ibipimo bifatika hamwe n'ibizamini byihariye byakozwe. Impano irashobora gukoresha ubunini cyangwa ibindi bikoresho munsi yibicuruzwa bisanzwe-umuryango. Iryo zina ryonyine ntirigaragaza ko gahunda zose ziri muri raporo yanditse.
Ni izihe nzego zigwa muri IEC 62271-202?
IEC 62271-202: 2022 ikubiyemo amashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe n’amashanyarazi akoreshwa na kabili ihuza imiyoboro ikora kuri voltage kugeza kuri 52 kV hamwe na franse kugeza kuri 60 Hz, mubihe bisanzwe byavuzwe. Irasobanura imiterere ya serivisi, ibiranga amanota, ibisabwa muri rusange byubatswe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora ibizamini byateguwe, harimo kugenda no kudatembera.
Inyandiko ntabwo ari ikirango rusange cyibizamini kuri buri cyumba cyamashanyarazi gishobora gutwarwa, pake ya transformateur ya standalone cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make. Tangira nubwubatsi bwibicuruzwa nyirizina hamwe nu mushinga wemejwe mbere yo gusobanura igice cyegeranye nka IEC 62271-202 insimburangingo.
Urutonde rwa JSGK agasanduku k'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ibikoresho igizwe na transformateur, kabili-nini ya kabine, kabili ntoya, kabili hamwe na sisitemu yo gufasha. Itondekanya kabine yamashanyarazi kuri gahunda y'ibyumba by'amashanyarazi. Ibi nibicuruzwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi kurubuga, kandi buri cyifuzo cyatanzwe kiracyakeneye isuzumabumenyi ryacyo. Igicuruzwa -cyiciro gisobanura ntabwo gishyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kugerageza.
| Ibikoresho byatanzwe | Ikibazo cya mbere | Ibimenyetso birakenewe |
|---|---|---|
| Guhuza agasanduku-ubwoko bwa MV / LV | Ubwubatsi bwacyo nyabwo buri mubice byatoranijwe byateguwe? | Igishushanyo cyemewe cyo gushushanya, amanota hamwe nibisanzwe. |
| Akazu k'amashanyarazi karimo ibikoresho byihariye | Nibihe bikoresho nibisabwa bigenga umushinga wuzuye? | Gahunda ya kabine, ibipimo ngenderwaho, ibisobanuro byumushinga nimbibi za sisitemu. |
| Guhindura umuntu kugiti cye, inteko ya HV cyangwa LV | Nibihe bigize ibipimo nibizamini bikurikizwa? | Raporo yihariye ya tekiniki na seritifika nkuko bikwiye. |
Ni ubuhe buryo busuzumwa mugihe cyo Kwipimisha Ubwoko?
Raporo yikizamini cyingirakamaro irasobanutse kubiranga byasuzumwe. Ibizamini bisabwa neza nibisabwa biva muburyo bwemewe hamwe nibikoresho byashizweho; ntabwo buri cyiciro cyateganijwe cyangwa ibizamini bigomba gufatwa nkibisanzwe bisabwa kuri buri kintu cyoroshye.
Imyitwarire hamwe na dielectric
Ibitekerezo bya dielectric bireba niba ibice bifitanye isano hamwe nibihuza bishobora kwihanganira ingufu z'amashanyarazi zagenwe mugihe gikwiye. Impamyabushobozi ya kabili ya kabili yonyine ntabwo isobanura byanze bikunze kwishyiriraho geometrike no guhuza murwego rwo gusimbuza. IEC 62271-202: 2022 irerekana kandi ingaruka zishobora kuba ziterwa nibice bimwe na bimwe byateganijwe. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura imiterere yageragejwe hamwe ninzandiko zayo kuri sisitemu yatumijwe.
Gukomeza ubu nubushyuhe burazamuka
Kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe nikibazo cya sisitemu. Igihombo cya transformateur, imiyoboro nyamukuru-yumuzunguruko, ubushyuhe butangwa nibindi bikoresho byashyizweho, gutembera kwumwuka, gufungura umwuka hamwe na geometrie ya enterineti irashobora gukorana. Impinduramatwara yapimwe yigenga mubidukikije bitandukanye ntabwo ari gihamya ko iyinjizwa ryayo ryuzuye ryasuzumwe kumiterere imwe yubushyuhe.
Igitabo cya 2022 cyasubiwemo cyangwa gisobanurwa uburyo bukomeza-bugezweho kandi butangiza uburyo butatu bwo gukoresha imbaraga zabugenewe. Harimo kandi ibikoresho byamakuru mugusuzuma ingaruka zumurasire wizuba hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Izi ngingo zitanga ibimenyetso byihariye byubushyuhe byingenzi cyane, ariko ntibitanga urufatiro rwo gukeka ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bya JSGK.
Igihe gito kwihanganira, kubaka hamwe na arc imbere
Iyo bibaye ngombwa, amashanyarazi yihanganira ibimenyetso byerekana ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko wabigenewe no guhuza mugihe cyihariye-kigezweho. Ubwubatsi bwa mashini, uburinganire bwuzuye, kugerwaho nibikoresho byateganijwe nabyo bikeneye kwitabwaho muri gahunda yikizamini.
An imbere-arc ikizamini , niba bikenewe muburyo butangwa, ntabwo bigaragazwa namagambo avuga ko uruzitiro ari ibyuma cyangwa birimo umuyaga. Igisubizo cyacyo gifite gahunda yo kugerageza no kugarukira. Reba ibikoresho byari imbere mubisuzumwa byageragejwe, impande zafatwaga nkibishoboka nuburyo ibintu byerekanwe hamwe nibikorwa. Ntugahindure imbere-arc gutondekanya kuva muri guverenema itandukanye kugirango uhindurwe neza nta bimenyetso bifatika.
| Agace k'ibimenyetso | Ibyo umuguzi agomba kumva | Imipaka isanzwe yo kugenzura |
|---|---|---|
| Dielectric / insulation | Imikorere isobanutse yimikorere yuburyo bwapimwe. | Ihuza rya geometrie, iringaniza ibidukikije hamwe nubushakashatsi. |
| Gukomeza / ubushyuhe kuzamuka | Imyitwarire yubushyuhe munsi yuburyo bwo gupakira no kugerageza. | Igihombo cya transformateur, igishushanyo cyo guhumeka, kuzitira hamwe nibitekerezo bidukikije. |
| Umwanya muto | Byatangajwe ko bihanganye byumuzunguruko cyangwa amasano yamenyekanye. | Niba ibizamini byingenzi byageragejwe bihuye nibitangwa. |
| Imbere arc, aho bishoboka | Imikorere mubisobanuro byimbere-arc gahunda yo kugerageza. | Kugerwaho, aho ikizamini, amanota hamwe nuburyo bwashyizweho. |
| Kwiyubaka / kubaka | Ibyatoranijwe byubukanishi nuburinzi byinteko yapimwe. | Inzugi, ibyinjira, gufungura, gushiraho ibikoresho n'ibidukikije. |
Impamvu Raporo yibigize idahita yerekana Substation yose
Raporo yibigize nibimenyetso nkenerwa kumishinga myinshi, ariko irasubiza ibibazo bigufi. Impinduramatwara irashobora kugira ubwoko bwikizamini cya raporo munsi yacyo; switchgear irashobora kugira ubwoko bw-ibizamini byinyandiko; inteko ntoya ya voltage irashobora kugira verisiyo itandukanye. Guhuza ibice bitangiza intera itari byanze bikunze bigize ibizamini bya buri muntu.
Ihuriro rishobora kuba ririmo amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice, guhererekanya ubushyuhe kubikoresho bituranye, guhumeka neza hamwe n'inzira igitutu cyangwa imyuka ishyushye byakemurwa mugihe cyasobanuwe imbere. Sisitemu-urwego rwimikorere ntirushobora guhora rusuzumwa wongeyeho ibice byerekana izina.
Koresha ikarita yibimenyetso byinzego ebyiri: banza ugenzure ko buri kintu cyashyizweho cyujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, hanyuma usuzume ibimenyetso biranga insimburangingo bisaba ibimenyetso byo murwego rwo guterana. Niba utanga isoko avuga ko raporo yumuryango ikubiyemo amanota menshi cyangwa imiterere, saba ishingiro rya tekiniki ryanditse kuri ubwo bwishingizi. Ntabwo ibirango bisa kimwe cyangwa ibara ryinama y'abaminisitiri bigize isuzuma rya tekiniki.
Ibisobanuro rusange bya JSGK byerekana ibisobanuro byerekana amatsinda yibikoresho bikomatanyije. Urupapuro rusange ntabwo rutanga ikizamini cyuzuye-raporo yerekanwe hamwe nicyitegererezo kuri buri cyifuzo cyatanzwe, bityo abaguzi bagomba kugenzura urugero rwerekana ibisobanuro byatanzwe.
Raporo Yubwoko-Ikizamini Ikwiye Kumenya Mubyukuri?
Mbere yo kwishingikiriza kuri raporo, soma ushize kurupapuro. Inyandiko irashobora kuba iyukuri ariko ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye cyangwa igipimo kigufi kuruta gahunda yagenewe. Reba ibyageragejwe, uburyo na munsi yiki gipimo gisanzwe.
- Gutanga ibisobanuro: laboratoire cyangwa itanga umubiri, ibiranga raporo, itariki ya raporo na gahunda iyo ari yo yose cyangwa imigereka.
- Ibisobanuro bisanzwe: neza IEC cyangwa izindi nyandiko zisanzwe zikoreshwa, hamwe nibitandukaniro byagaragaye cyangwa bidasanzwe.
- Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho: icyitegererezo cyageragejwe, gahunda, ibishushanyo, ifishi yo gufunga nuwabikoze cyangwa usaba byagaragaye muri raporo.
- Ibipimo n'iboneza: voltage, ikigezweho, imbaraga zijyanye namatangazo nibikoresho cyangwa ibisobanuro birambuye bijyanye nikizamini.
- Uburyo bw'ikizamini no kwitegereza: ikizamini nyacyo cyakozwe, igenamiterere, ibidukikije bijyanye, ibisubizo byanditse hamwe nibisabwa byemewe.
- Igipimo cyemewe: gutandukana cyangwa imbogamizi zavuzwe muri raporo, harimo niba inyandiko zitangwa mumiryango zitangwa.
Raporo igomba kugereranywa nigitekerezo cya tekiniki, ntabwo yatanzwe gusa nkumugereka wo kugurisha. Urupapuro rw'incamake rwonyine rushobora gusiba iboneza risabwa kugirango umenye ibisabwa.
| Umwanya wo gutanga raporo | Kwambukiranya ibicuruzwa bivuye kugura | Igikorwa niba gitandukanye |
|---|---|---|
| Inyandiko isanzwe | Inyandiko isabwa mubisobanuro byumushinga. | Menya niba itandukaniro rikeneye isuzumabumenyi ryumvikanyweho. |
| Gufunga no guhumeka | Igishushanyo nyacyo cyo gufunga, gufungura no gukonjesha. | Suzuma ibishobora gushyuha, kugera cyangwa arc-imikorere. |
| Guhindura ibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bihujwe | Ubwoko, amanota, igihombo hamwe n ahantu washyizweho aho bikenewe. | Saba kwemeza ko ibimenyetso byikizamini bikomeza gukurikizwa. |
| Ikigereranyo cyamashanyarazi | Umuvuduko, uhoraho, inshingano zamakosa nizindi ndangagaciro. | Gukemura ibimenyetso byabuze cyangwa biri hasi cyane mbere yo kwemezwa. |
| Imbere-arc imvugo | Gusabwa gutondekanya hamwe nimpande zigerwaho, niba byerekanwe. | Baza ibisobanuro birambuye aho kwishingikiriza ku cyifuzo cyo kwamamaza. |
Ni ryari Guhindura Igishushanyo Bisaba Ibindi Bimenyetso?
Impinduka zigomba gusuzumwa niba zigira ingaruka kubiranga bimaze kugenzurwa. Ibara ritandukanye ryibara ryibara ntabwo rihinduka tekinike nkinzira itandukanye yo guhumeka cyangwa urwego rwo gutakaza urwego. Nyamara impinduka-zisa-nto zirashobora kuba ingirakamaro niba zihinduye neza, intera cyangwa gahunda yageragejwe kubintu runaka.
Impinduka zikwiye gusubirwamo zirimo gusimbuza igikoresho kinini cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, guhindura imiyoboro nyamukuru y’umuzunguruko, guhindura ibipimo by’uruzitiro, kwimura umuyaga uhumeka, guhindura igipimo cya transformateur cyangwa ibiranga igihombo, guhindura ibyinjira byinjira, no kongeramo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki hamwe n’ibisabwa by’ibidukikije.
Ntugashyire mu bikorwa itegeko ryerekana ko buri gikoresho gishya gisaba gusubiramo byuzuye buri kizamini. Isuzumabumenyi ryujuje ubuziranenge kandi ryujuje ibyangombwa rigomba kumenya niba ibimenyetso bihari, ikizamini cy'inyongera, kwagura inyandiko cyangwa ikizamini gishya gikwiye. Kuringaniza, ntukemere "urukurikirane rumwe" nkimpamvu yonyine raporo ishaje ikomeza kugira agaciro.
Ubwubatsi bwingirakamaro bwanditse bufite inkingi eshatu: ibizamini byageragejwe , Iboneza na ishingiro rya tekiniki yo gukoresha ibimenyetso . Ibi bihindura ibyifuzo bidasobanutse byumuryango byemewe mubisobanuro byihariye amatsinda yimishinga ashobora kugenzura.
Ubwoko Ibizamini, Ibizamini bya Routine, FAT hamwe no Kwakira Urubuga Biratandukanye
Amatsinda yimishinga yakira inyandiko nyinshi zanditseho "ikizamini" cyangwa "ubugenzuzi." Bibaho mubyiciro bitandukanye kandi bashiraho ibintu bitandukanye.
| Icyiciro | Intego nyamukuru | Icyo idasimbuye |
|---|---|---|
| Andika ikizamini | Kugenzura ibimenyetso byihariye biranga igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa inteko y'ibizamini. | Kugenzura buri gice cyatanzwe. |
| Ikizamini gisanzwe | Kora cheque yagenwe kubice byakozwe munsi yubuyobozi. | Ibishushanyo-byose byubwoko-bwikizamini. |
| Ikizamini cyo kwakira uruganda (FAT) | Tanga cyangwa wemeze kugenzura uruganda rwamasezerano kubikoresho bizatangwa. | Andika ibizamini cyangwa ibizamini bisanzwe keretse gahunda yumvikanyweho irimo. |
| Kwakira urubuga / gutangiza | Reba interineti yububiko, amahuza, igenamiterere hamwe nimbuga-yiteguye kurwego rwumvikanyweho. | Kugenzura ibishushanyo mbonera byuruganda nibisabwa byumutekano wumuriro. |
FAT irashobora kubamo guhamya ibizamini bisanzwe wongeyeho andi masuzuma yamasezerano; ntabwo isanzwe ihwanye na gahunda-isanzwe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura igenamiterere ryashyizweho hamwe nintera, ariko ntishobora kwonyine kwerekana buri gishushanyo-urwego kiranga kugenzurwa nubwoko bwikizamini.
Amasezerano agomba gutandukanya inyandiko zigomba gutangwa mugusuzuma amasoko, mbere yo gusohora uruganda na mbere yingufu. Ikizamini kirambuye no guhinduranya bigomba gukorwa gusa muburyo bwemewe nabakozi babishoboye.
Inyandiko zo Gusaba Mbere yo Kwemeza Substation
Idosiye itanga amasoko yoroheje igomba guhuza gahunda yamashanyarazi nubwubatsi bwumubiri nibimenyetso bifatika byo kugenzura. Mbere yo kwemezwa burundu, saba paki ihuriweho yerekana inyandiko yemewe yemewe, imiterere yagenwe, ibice byashyizweho, uruzitiro nyamukuru, guhumeka, gushushanya hamwe ninyandiko zikubiyemo imikorere isabwa.
Kubikorwa bya JSGK agasanduku-gasimburanya umushinga, ibicuruzwa rusange birashobora kuba intangiriro yo guhitamo ibikoresho. Itsinda ryumushinga riracyakeneye ibyangombwa byerekana amanota yumuriro nuburyo byateganijwe aho kuba rusange muri rusange ko ibisanduku byose byujuje IEC 62271-202.
Ohereza umushinga usanzwe, igishushanyo cyumurongo umwe, igipimo cyibikoresho byerekanwe, imiterere yikibanza hamwe nuburyo buteganijwe mugihe usaba amakuru. Niba umushinga uhamagarira ubwoko bwihariye-bwipimisha raporo cyangwa imenyekanisha ryimbere-arc, baza uburyo ibyo bimenyetso byerekana ikarita yatanzwe. Urashobora vugana na JSGK hamwe n'ibishushanyo by'umushinga n'ibisabwa Kuri Iboneza-Ibiganiro byihariye.
Ikibazo gikomeye nukumenya niba ibimenyetso byikizamini bikubiyemo ibikoresho bigurwa. Ubwoko busobanutse busimburwa bwubwoko-bwikizamini bugenzura igishushanyo cyageragejwe, imiterere yacyo nibitandukaniro byanditse bitandukanijwe kurutonde - ntabwo gusa hariho numero ya IEC kumatabo.